這邊討論一下 GitLab 的安裝 與 如何從 使用者端 (Client) 建立專案並上傳程式.
Server 端安裝 GitLab
測試環境 Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop ( 虛擬機 IP:192.168.31.136 )
想要在公司內部架設 GitHub 的相似軟體有很多選擇,目前看起來是 GitLab 是最多人在使用的.
不同作業系統的安裝方式可以參考官方網站 – https://about.gitlab.com/install/#ubuntu
安裝所需套件.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# apt-get update root@ben-virtual-machine:~# apt-get install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates tzdata perl
安裝 Mail 系統.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# apt-get install -y postfix
安裝 Postfix 過程中需選擇 configuration 選擇 ‘Internet Site’ 即可,並輸入 Mail 與 FQDN (我這邊是測試用就沒特別填寫).
加入 GitLab 套件的 repository 並且安裝相關套件.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
其中的 EXTERNAL_URL 需使用你的 FQDN ( 可使用 http 或是 https ) 或是像我只是要玩一下就直接用 IP 即可. 版本我這邊是安裝 gitlab-ee ( Enterprise Edition ) 或是可以選擇 CE ( Community Edition ) 版本.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# EXTERNAL_URL="http://192.168.31.136" apt-get install gitlab-ee
這樣就設定完成了, 打開網頁 http://192.168.31.136
設定好 GitLab 就可以使用 root (Administrator 管理者) 的身分登入.
預設管理者帳號: root
密碼: 存放在這邊 /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password , 須注意該文件將在 24 小時後第一次重新配置運行(gitlab-ctl reconfigure )時自動刪除.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password
可以先把密碼設定到 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 的 initial_root_password .
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# vi /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb gitlab_rails['initial_root_password'] = '<my_strong_password>'
並透過 網頁管理介面建立新使用者,我這邊建立了一個 ben 使用者, 之後就可以使用該使用者並建立專案 Project 或是 Repository (預設權限為 Private ,需帳號密碼才能存取) , 或是透過 Rails Console 來建立使用者帳號.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# gitlab-rails console -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ruby: ruby 3.0.6p216 (2023-03-30 revision 23a532679b) [x86_64-linux] GitLab: 16.1.2-ee (0642e8c5c91) EE GitLab Shell: 14.23.0 PostgreSQL: 13.11 ------------------------------------------------------------[ booted in 39.40s ] Loading production environment (Rails 6.1.7.2) irb(main):001:0> u = User.new(username: 'ben', email: 'ben@benjr.com', name: 'ben', password: '2ertgds#', password_confirmation: '2ertgds#') => #<User id: @ben> irb(main):002:0> u.skip_confirmation! => 2023-07-19 08:40:15.133285589 UTC irb(main):003:0> u.save! => true irb(main):004:0> [1]+ Stopped gitlab-rails console
我們建立好專案後可以直接在網頁編輯程式碼,不過大多的經驗是會在測試端來寫程式碼,下面來看看在測試端要怎麼將程式上傳 (到 GitLab) 或是下載 (從 GitLab 到 Local).
從 Local 端建立新 GitLab Project
測試環境 Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop ( 虛擬機 )
Git 的主要幾個指令可以參考 https://zh.m.wikibooks.org/zh/File:Git_data_flow_simplified.svg 的說明.
安裝 git .
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# apt install git root@ben-virtual-machine:~# git --version git version 2.34.1
初始化(只需要做一次)
- git config
設定使用者帳號與 Mail .root@ben-virtual-machine:~# git config --global user.name "Ben" root@ben-virtual-machine:~# git config --global user.email "ben@gmail.com"
- git init
設定哪一個目錄是需要透過 git 來保管.root@ben-virtual-machine:~# mkdir test_code root@ben-virtual-machine:~# cd test_code
並做初始化設定,會產生 .git 目錄來記錄相關設定.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git init hint: Using 'master' as the name for the initial branch. This default branch name hint: is subject to change. To configure the initial branch name to use in all hint: of your new repositories, which will suppress this warning, call: hint: hint: git config --global init.defaultBranch <name> hint: hint: Names commonly chosen instead of 'master' are 'main', 'trunk' and hint: 'development'. The just-created branch can be renamed via this command: hint: hint: git branch -m <name> Initialized empty Git repository in /root/test_code/.git/
有新增或是修改資料都需要 add , commit 與 push
- Local 端的 git add 與 commit
建立一個程式碼.root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# vi test.cpp #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <ctime> #include <unistd.h> using namespace std; int main() { while(true) { ofstream myFile_Handler; // File Open myFile_Handler.open("/tmp/1.txt", std::ios_base::app); auto timenow = chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(chrono::system_clock::now()); // Write to the file myFile_Handler << ctime(&timenow) << endl; // File Close myFile_Handler.close(); // Sleep sleep(60); } }並透過 git add 與 commit 將程式交給 git 保管. git add 的 “.” 代表現有目錄所有檔案,也可以直接指定檔案名稱.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git add .
root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git commit -m "First Code" [master (root-commit) 938dfba] First Code 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+) create mode 100644 test.cpp
檢視其狀態.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git status On branch master nothing to commit, working tree clean
須注意這邊程式交給 Local 端而已,需要下面步驟從能上傳到 GitLab.
- GitLab 端的 git remote 與 push
同一個目錄的 Project 只須設定一次 git remote 即可,之後可以透過 git remote show origin 檢視其設定.root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git remote add origin http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git
root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git push -u origin master Username for 'http://192.168.31.136': ben Password for 'http://ben@192.168.31.136': Enumerating objects: 3, done. Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 466 bytes | 466.00 KiB/s, done. Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: remote: remote: The private project ben/test was successfully created. remote: remote: To configure the remote, run: remote: git remote add origin http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git remote: remote: To view the project, visit: remote: http://192.168.31.136/ben/test remote: remote: remote: To http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git * [new branch] master -> master Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
可以透過網頁看到程式碼的確已上傳.
或是透過指令看狀態.root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git remote show origin
- git pull
如果程式碼有被修改時可以透過 pull 從 GitLab 下載.root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git pull Username for 'http://192.168.31.136': ben Password for 'http://ben@192.168.31.136': remote: Enumerating objects: 1, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (1/1), done. remote: Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (1/1), 248 bytes | 248.00 KiB/s, done. From http://192.168.31.136/ben/test 938dfba..d76b680 master -> origin/master Updating 938dfba..d76b680 Fast-forward test.cpp | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
第一次從 GitLab 下載 Project Code 到 Local 端
如果是要從 GitLab 下載一個全新的 Project 到 Local 端,可以使用 Git Clone.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# cd root@ben-virtual-machine:~# git clone http://192.168.31.136/ben/test Cloning into 'test'... Username for 'http://192.168.31.136': ben Password for 'http://ben@192.168.31.136': warning: redirecting to http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git/ remote: Enumerating objects: 7, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done. remote: Total 7 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 3 Receiving objects: 100% (7/7), done. Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# ll test/ total 16 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 六 6 16:20 ./ drwx------ 8 root root 4096 六 6 16:19 ../ drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 六 6 16:20 .git/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503 六 6 16:20 test.cpp
遇過的問題
- 如果遇到網頁無法開啟,或是顯示錯誤訊息,可以透過以下方式檢視 GitLab 的日誌.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# gitlab-ctl tail
- EXTERNAL_URL 設定錯誤會讓網頁無法開啟,可以透過修改設定檔.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# vi /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb external_url "http://192.168.31.136"
執行前須注意 要把預設密碼儲存起來 ,密碼檔 /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password 將在 24 小時後第一次重新配置運行(gitlab-ctl reconfigure )時自動刪除.
並透過指令 Reconfigure GitLab .
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
- 預設的專案 Project 或是 Repository 權限為 Private (需帳號密碼才能存取)
可以在網頁修改為 Public 或是使用以下方式來儲存使用者帳號與密碼.網頁變更 project visibility
- Settings > General
- Expand Visibility, project features, permissions.
- Change Project visibility to either Private, Internal, or Public and Save changes.
或是變更預設 project visibility
- Select Settings > General.
- Expand the Visibility and access controls section.
- Select the desired default project visibility:
- Select Save changes.
儲存使用者帳號與密碼.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# vi ~/.netrc machine 192.168.31.136 login ben password 111111
並修改權限.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# chmod 600 ~/.netrc
- 存放密碼的檔案 /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password 會在 24 小時後第一次重新配置運行(gitlab-ctl reconfigure )時自動刪除,訊息如下.
Found old initial root password file at /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password and deleted it.
密碼檔已被刪除.
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password cat: /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password: No such file or directory
可以過以下指令重新設定密碼 (至少 8碼 + 數字與英文)
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# gitlab-rake 'gitlab:password:reset[root]' Enter password: Confirm password: Unable to change password of the user with username root. Password is too short (minimum is 8 characters)
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# gitlab-rake 'gitlab:password:reset[root]' Enter password: Confirm password: Unable to change password of the user with username root. Password must not contain commonly used combinations of words and letters
root@ben-virtual-machine:~# gitlab-rake 'gitlab:password:reset[root]' Enter password: Confirm password: Password successfully updated for user with username root.
沒有解決問題,試試搜尋本站其他內容