GitLab – Linux Local 端建立新 Project

測試環境 Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop ( 虛擬機 )

Git 的主要幾個指令可以參考 https://zh.m.wikibooks.org/zh/File:Git_data_flow_simplified.svg 的說明.

安裝 git .

從 Linux Local 端建立新 Project

初始化(只需要做一次)

• git config
  設定使用者名稱與 Mail .

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~# git config --global user.name "Ben" root@ben-virtual-machine:~# git config --global user.email "ben@gmail.com"

• git init
  設定哪一個目錄是需要透過 git 來保管.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~# mkdir test_code root@ben-virtual-machine:~# cd test_code

  並做初始化設定,會產生 .git 目錄來記錄相關設定.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git init hint: Using 'master' as the name for the initial branch. This default branch name hint: is subject to change. To configure the initial branch name to use in all hint: of your new repositories, which will suppress this warning, call: hint: hint:   git config --global init.defaultBranch <name> hint: hint: Names commonly chosen instead of 'master' are 'main', 'trunk' and hint: 'development'. The just-created branch can be renamed via this command: hint: hint:   git branch -m <name> Initialized empty Git repository in /root/test_code/.git/

• git remote
  設定上傳到 GitLab 的 Project 名稱(同一個目錄的 Project 只須設定一次 git remote 即可),須注意這邊我是放到 ben 使用者下面,請自行更換存在的使用者,之後可以透過 git remote show origin 檢視其設定.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git remote add origin http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git

  Note : 如果設定錯誤可以透過 remove 參數移除.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git remote remove origin

有新增或是修改資料都需要 add , commit 與 push

• git add 與 commit (資料暫存在 Local 端)
  建立一個程式碼.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# vi test.cpp #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <ctime> #include <unistd.h>    using namespace std;    int main() { while(true) {     ofstream myFile_Handler;     // File Open     myFile_Handler.open("/tmp/1.txt", std::ios_base::app);        auto timenow = chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(chrono::system_clock::now());          // Write to the file     myFile_Handler << ctime(&timenow) << endl;        // File Close     myFile_Handler.close();           // Sleep     sleep(60); } }

  並透過 git add 與 commit 將程式交給 git 保管. git add 的 “.” 代表現有目錄所有檔案,也可以直接指定檔案名稱.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git add .

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git commit -m "First Code" [master (root-commit) 938dfba] First Code  1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)  create mode 100644 test.cpp

  檢視其狀態 (須注意這邊程式交給 Local 端而已).

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git status On branch master nothing to commit, working tree clean

• push ( 資料上傳至 GitLab 端)
  上傳資料至 GitLab 端

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git push -u origin master Username for 'http://192.168.31.136': ben Password for 'http://ben@192.168.31.136': Enumerating objects: 3, done. Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 466 bytes | 466.00 KiB/s, done. Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: remote: remote: The private project ben/test was successfully created. remote: remote: To configure the remote, run: remote:   git remote add origin http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git remote: remote: To view the project, visit: remote:   http://192.168.31.136/ben/test remote: remote: remote: To http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git  * [new branch]      master -> master Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.

  可以透過網頁看到程式碼的確已上傳.
  
  或是透過指令看狀態.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git remote show origin   (gnome-ssh-askpass:12758): Gtk-WARNING **: 22:09:27.174: cannot open display: error: unable to read askpass response from '/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass' Username for 'http://192.168.31.136': ben   (gnome-ssh-askpass:12761): Gtk-WARNING **: 22:09:43.137: cannot open display: error: unable to read askpass response from '/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass' Password for 'http://ben@192.168.31.136': * remote origin   Fetch URL: http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git   Push  URL: http://192.168.31.136/ben/test.git   HEAD branch: master   Remote branch:     master tracked   Local branch configured for 'git pull':     master merges with remote master   Local ref configured for 'git push':     master pushes to master (up to date)

• git pull
  如果程式碼有在其他地方被修改時可以透過 pull 從 GitLab 下載.

  root@ben-virtual-machine:~/test_code# git pull Username for 'http://192.168.31.136': ben Password for 'http://ben@192.168.31.136': remote: Enumerating objects: 1, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (1/1), done. remote: Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (1/1), 248 bytes | 248.00 KiB/s, done. From http://192.168.31.136/ben/test    938dfba..d76b680  master     -> origin/master Updating 938dfba..d76b680 Fast-forward  test.cpp | 1 +  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

帳號密碼問題

從前面的範例來看我們需要不斷地輸入使用者帳號與密碼,有辦法可以省略掉這一步驟嗎?

我們可以設定 SSH 的 Key,在 Linux 端使用指令產生 SSH 的 Public 與 Provate Key ,並將 Public Key 存放至 Gitlab 即可以,關於 SSH 公/私金鑰 請參考 – https://benjr.tw/98344

透過 ssh-keygen 來產生 SSH 公私鑰 ,這邊不使用 passhrase (需要一串密碼來解開私鑰) , -C 後面名稱可以使用 E-Mail 或是姓名皆可.

SSH 產生的 公/私金鑰 皆儲存在家目錄的 .ssh 目錄裡面.

id_rsa.pub 就是公鑰,內容要複製到 GitLab 網頁並儲存起來.

我這邊使用 ben 身分登入 GitLab 網頁,並點選 User Settings / SSH Keys .

把剛剛的 id_rsa.pub 內容貼到網頁的 Key 裡面 ,並點選 Add Key 儲存起來.

這樣在使用者端就不再需要帳號密碼了.

先把原先透過 http 下載的方式改成 SSH .

這樣下次下指令就不需要再輸入帳號與密碼了(第一次須接受 Gitlab 的 Public Key)