從 CentOS 7 開始的 Database 都換成了 MariaDB,主要的原因是 MySQL 被甲骨文 (Oracle) 收購 (MySQL 原本是屬於昇陽電腦 SUN ),MySQL 社群擔心甲骨文對於 MySQL 這個開放軟體未來的態度,所以
Michael Widenius ( MySQL 創辦人) 推出了與 MySQL 相容的 MariaDB (MariaDB 與 MySQL 資料庫是相容的)
測試環境為 CentOS 7 x86_64 (虛擬機)
雖然指令是安裝 MySQL 但其實卻是安裝成 MariaDB (也可以直接用 #yum install mariadb mariadb-devel)
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.stu.edu.tw * extras: ftp.stu.edu.tw * updates: ftp.stu.edu.tw Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 for package: 1:mariadb-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.47-1.el7_2 will be updated ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 updates 8.9 M Updating for dependencies: mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 updates 755 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package) Total download size: 9.7 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 1/3 Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 2/3 Cleanup : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.47-1.el7_2.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.47-1.el7_2.x86_64 3/3 Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 Dependency Updated: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.stu.edu.tw * extras: ftp.stu.edu.tw * updates: ftp.stu.edu.tw Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: openssl-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.13.2-12.el7_2 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libverto-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcom_err-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 will be installed ---> Package libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libsepol-devel >= 2.1.9-1 for package: libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libsepol) for package: libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libpcre) for package: libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-15.el7_2.1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: mariadb-devel x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 updates 750 k Installing for dependencies: keyutils-libs-devel x86_64 1.5.8-3.el7 base 37 k krb5-devel x86_64 1.13.2-12.el7_2 updates 649 k libcom_err-devel x86_64 1.42.9-7.el7 base 30 k libselinux-devel x86_64 2.2.2-6.el7 base 174 k libsepol-devel x86_64 2.1.9-3.el7 base 71 k libverto-devel x86_64 0.2.5-4.el7 base 12 k openssl-devel x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5 updates 1.2 M pcre-devel x86_64 8.32-15.el7_2.1 updates 479 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+8 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.3 M Installed size: 8.9 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/9): libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 71 kB 00:02 (2/9): libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 174 kB 00:03 (3/9): krb5-devel-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | 649 kB 00:04 (4/9): libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:04 (5/9): libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 12 kB 00:00 (6/9): mariadb-devel-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | 750 kB 00:01 (7/9): openssl-devel-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:02 (8/9): pcre-devel-8.32-15.el7_2.1.x86_64.rpm | 479 kB 00:04 (9/9): keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:09 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 345 kB/s | 3.3 MB 00:09 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 1/9 Installing : pcre-devel-8.32-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 2/9 Installing : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 3/9 Installing : libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64 4/9 Installing : libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/9 Installing : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 6/9 Installing : krb5-devel-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64 7/9 Installing : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 8/9 Installing : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 9/9 Verifying : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 1/9 Verifying : libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/9 Verifying : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 3/9 Verifying : libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64 4/9 Verifying : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 5/9 Verifying : pcre-devel-8.32-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 6/9 Verifying : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5.x86_64 7/9 Verifying : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 8/9 Verifying : krb5-devel-1.13.2-12.el7_2.x86_64 9/9 Installed: mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 Dependency Installed: keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.13.2-12.el7_2 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7 libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.5 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-15.el7_2.1 Complete!
mysql-server 也不提供了,需要安裝 mariadb-server , mariadb 套件.
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.stu.edu.tw * extras: ftp.stu.edu.tw * updates: ftp.stu.edu.tw No package mysql-server available. Error: Nothing to do
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.stu.edu.tw * extras: ftp.stu.edu.tw * updates: ftp.stu.edu.tw Package 1:mariadb-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 already installed and latest version Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 updates 11 M Installing for dependencies: perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-5.el7 base 140 k perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.145-3.el7 base 47 k perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+8 Dependent packages) Total download size: 12 M Installed size: 59 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2. FAILED http://centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw/7.2.1511/updates/x86_64/Packages/mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320623 If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please create a bug on https://bugs.centos.org/ (1/9): perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 47 kB 00:00 (2/9): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:03 (3/9): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00 (4/9): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:04 (5/9): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00 (6/9): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:05 (7/9): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:05 (8/9): mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:08 (9/9): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 832 kB/s | 12 MB 00:14 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 1/9 Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 2/9 Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 3/9 Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 4/9 Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 5/9 Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 6/9 Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 7/9 Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 8/9 Installing : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 9/9 Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 1/9 Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 2/9 Verifying : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.50-1.el7_2.x86_64 3/9 Verifying : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 4/9 Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 5/9 Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 6/9 Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 7/9 Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 8/9 Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 9/9 Installed: mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.50-1.el7_2 Dependency Installed: perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 Complete!
服務也變成 MariaDB 了.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 四 2018-05-03 04:01:29 EDT; 2s ago
Process: 2127 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 2046 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2126 (mysqld_safe)
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
├─2126 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
└─2288 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql...
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysql ● mysql.service Loaded: not-found (Reason: No such file or directory) Active: inactive (dead)
如果是要將 MySQL 資料庫資料轉成 MariaDB 了.轉換方式可以參考 https://benjr.tw/95587
設定一下 MariaDB
[root@localhost ~]$ mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
剛剛就已經設定了 MariaDB root 密碼.登入看看.
[root@localhost ~]$ mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 10 Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> exit; Bye
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