測試環境為 CentOS7 x86_64
yum 主要的設定檔為 /etc/yum.conf ,如果要新增 repos 可以把檔案寫在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目錄下面.如果你的本地端網路環境有建 CentOS7 的 repos ,可以直接把設定寫在 /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]$ vi /etc/yum.conf [main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release [CentOS7] name = CentOS7 baseurl = http://172.16.0.3/centos7-amd64/ gpgkey = https://172.16.0.3/centos7-amd64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 gpgcheck=1
- # yum update
更新套件名稱.[root@localhost ~]$ yum update
- # yum install
安裝套件名稱.[root@localhost ~]$ yum install MariaDB-Galera-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.tc.edu.tw * extras: ftp.tc.edu.tw * updates: ftp.tc.edu.tw No package MariaDB-Galera-server available. Error: Nothing to do
不是所有的套件都可以在預設的 yum repos 裡面,像是 MariaDB 就需要新增加 MariaDB 的 YUM 網址.目前版本有分 5.5 以及 10.1 (MariaDB server 含 Galera 功能).我用的是 5.5 版本 (請先上 MariaDB 官方網站查詢版本與 baseurl, gpgkey),並新增 yum repos 設定.
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5.51/centos7-amd64/ gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
[root@localhost ~]# yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00 mariadb/primary_db | 19 kB 00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw * extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw * updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw Resolving Dependencies ... [root@localhost ~]# yum install MariaDB-Galera-server
- # yum grouplist , # yum groups install
如果安裝 CentOS7 是最小安裝時是沒有桌面系統的,之後要再額外安裝桌面系統會很麻煩.這時候可以透過 group install 的方式.[root@localhost ~]$ yum grouplist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror There is no installed groups file. Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw * extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw * updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw Available environment groups: Minimal Install Compute Node Infrastructure Server File and Print Server Basic Web Server Virtualization Host Server with GUI GNOME Desktop KDE Plasma Workspaces Development and Creative Workstation Available Groups: Compatibility Libraries Console Internet Tools Development Tools Graphical Administration Tools Legacy UNIX Compatibility Scientific Support Security Tools Smart Card Support System Administration Tools System Management
[root@localhost ~]$ yum groups install "GNOME Desktop"
- # yum remove
移除套件名稱.[root@localhost ~]$ yum remove MariaDB-Galera-server
- # yum search
搜尋套件名稱.[root@localhost ~]$ yum search MariaDB-Galera-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw * extras: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw * updates: centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw ====================== N/S matched: MariaDB-Galera-server ====================== MariaDB-Galera-server.x86_64 : MariaDB: a very fast and robust SQL database : server Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.可以加參數 all 搜尋更多
[root@localhost ~]$ yum search all MariaDB-Galera-server
但是很多的時候我們根本不知道套件名稱怎麼辦呢!!可以利用下面的 #yum whatprovides
- # yum whatprovides “*command”
查詢未安裝的程式是由哪一個套件裡提供的.搜尋 /sbin/ifconfig 是哪一個套件提供的.[root@localhost ~]$yum whatprovides "*ifconfig" Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror01.idc.hinet.net * extras: ftp.twaren.net * updates: ftp.twaren.net hypervkvpd-0-0.26.20150402git.el7.x86_64 : HyperV key value pair (KVP) daemon Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/libexec/hypervkvpd/hv_set_ifconfig net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /sbin/ifconfig python-ethtool-0.8-5.el7.x86_64 : Ethernet settings python bindings Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/sbin/pifconfig zsh-5.0.2-14.el7.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/zsh/5.0.2/functions/_ifconfig zsh-5.0.2-14.el7_2.2.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/zsh/5.0.2/functions/_ifconfig
- # yum clean
清除 /var/cache/yum 下載的暫存套件檔,使用 #yum clean all 可以一次就給他清乾淨.[root@localhost ~]$ yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras mariadb nginx updates Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
- # yum list updates
列出所有可供更新的套件.[root@localhost ~]$ yum list updates Loaded plugins: fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00 nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 (1/6): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 155 kB 00:01 (2/6): nginx/x86_64/primary_db | 24 kB 00:01 (3/6): mariadb/primary_db | 19 kB 00:01 (4/6): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 168 kB 00:05 (5/6): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.6 MB 00:15 (6/6): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.4 MB 00:24 Determining fastest mirrors * base: ftp.yzu.edu.tw * extras: ftp.yzu.edu.tw * updates: ftp.yzu.edu.tw
- # yum list installed
列出所有已經安裝的套件.[root@localhost ~]$ yum list installed
遇過的問題
更新時出現以下的錯誤訊息.
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3020.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
The other application is: PackageKit
Memory : 59 M RSS (1.4 GB VSZ)
Started: Tue Dec 10 00:04:50 2019 - 00:08 ago
State : Running, pid: 3020
packagekit 這個 Tool 會自動幫忙更新,想要改成手動更新,可以直接把該服務停掉.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop packagekit
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