Linux command – smartctl

adminLinux, Storage, Ubuntu

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之前有透過 #hdparm 或是 /sys/class/sas_phy/phy-0\:0/maximum_linkrate 來檢視 硬碟 SATA / SAS Link Speed https://benjr.tw/80914

root@ubuntu:~# cat /sys/class/sas_phy/phy-4\:0/maximum_linkrate
3.0 Gbit

同事推薦我可以用 smartctl 直接看更快,這是透過硬碟本身所提供的 S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology )技術 ,他可以根據檢測屬性的結果來決定該顆硬碟的使用是否快故障.

測試環境為 Ubuntu14.04 ,預設是沒有安裝 smart 的工具.

root@ubuntu:~# apt-get install smartmontools

常用的參數

  • -H, –health

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Health Status: OK

  • -i, –info

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               IBM-ESXS
Product:              MBB2147RC
Revision:             SB04
User Capacity:        146,814,976,000 bytes [146 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Rotation Rate:        10025 rpm
Logical Unit id:      0x500000e01d93f8c0
Serial number:        BS59P8A04LRL
Device type:          disk
Transport protocol:   SAS
Local Time is:        Tue Nov  1 15:37:24 2016 CST
SMART support is:     Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is:     Enabled
Temperature Warning:  Enabled

  • -t TEST, –test=TEST

    這邊會列出可供測試的項目.

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -t /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=======> INVALID ARGUMENT TO -t: /dev/sdb
=======> VALID ARGUMENTS ARE: offline, short, long, conveyance, force, vendor,N, select,M-N, pending,N, afterselect,[on|off] =======

Use smartctl -h to get a usage summary

    來試試看 short , long 測試,測試會在背景執行,需要透過 -l selftest 來觀看目前的測試進度與結果.

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -t short /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

Short Background Self Test has begun
Use smartctl -X to abort test

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -t long /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

Extended Background Self Test has begun
Please wait 34 minutes for test to complete.
Estimated completion time: Tue Nov  1 16:15:59 2016

Use smartctl -X to abort test

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Self-test execution status:		96% of test remaining
SMART Self-test log
Num  Test              Status                 segment  LifeTime  LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ]
     Description                              number   (hours)
# 1  Background long   Self test in progress ...   -     NOW                 - [-   -    -]
# 2  Background short  Completed                   -   19184                 - [-   -    -]
Long (extended) Self Test duration: 2040 seconds [34.0 minutes]

    更多關於 smartctl 測試,請參考 https://benjr.tw/96015

  • -l TYPE, –log=TYPE

    -l 除了剛剛看到的 selftest 外還有不同的參數 error, selftest, selective, directory[,g|s], xerror[,N][,error], xselftest[,N][,selftest], background, sasphy[,reset], sataphy[,reset], scttemp[sts,hist], scttempint,N[,p], scterc[,N,M], devstat[,N], ssd, gplog,N[,RANGE], smartlog,N[,RANGE] 可以指定使用.

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -l /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=======> INVALID ARGUMENT TO -l: /dev/sdb
=======> VALID ARGUMENTS ARE: error, selftest, selective, directory[,g|s], xerror[,N][,error], xselftest[,N][,selftest], background, sasphy[,reset], sataphy[,reset], scttemp[sts,hist], scttempint,N[,p], scterc[,N,M], devstat[,N], ssd, gplog,N[,RANGE], smartlog,N[,RANGE] <=======

Use smartctl -h to get a usage summary

    -l error 可以檢測該顆硬碟的 Error count （Errors Corrected by ECC fast | delayed , Errors Corrected by rereads / rewrites , Total errors corrected , Correction algorithm invocations , Total uncorrected errors)

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Error counter log:
           Errors Corrected by           Total   Correction     Gigabytes    Total
               ECC          rereads/    errors   algorithm      processed    uncorrected
           fast | delayed   rewrites  corrected  invocations   [10^9 bytes]  errors
read:          0        0         0         0          0     123263.011           0
write:         0        0         0         0          0       5218.671           0
verify:        0        0         0         0          0         24.721           0

Non-medium error count:      148

    透過 -l sasphy 就可以檢視 SAS 硬碟 Link Speed (SATA 指令為 sataphy)

    root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -l sasphy /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Protocol Specific port log page for SAS SSP
relative target port id = 1
  generation code = 0
  number of phys = 1
  phy identifier = 0
    attached device type: end device
    attached reason: unknown
    reason: unknown
    negotiated logical link rate: phy enabled; 3 Gbps
    attached initiator port: ssp=1 stp=1 smp=1
    attached target port: ssp=0 stp=0 smp=0
    SAS address = 0x500000e01d93f8c2
    attached SAS address = 0x5005076b06400f25
    attached phy identifier = 1
    Invalid DWORD count = 2686
    Running disparity error count = 473
    Loss of DWORD synchronization = 1
    Phy reset problem = 0
relative target port id = 2
  generation code = 0
  number of phys = 1
  phy identifier = 1
    attached device type: no device attached
    attached reason: unknown
    reason: unknown
    negotiated logical link rate: phy enabled; unknown
    attached initiator port: ssp=0 stp=0 smp=0
    attached target port: ssp=0 stp=0 smp=0
    SAS address = 0x500000e01d93f8c3
    attached SAS address = 0x0
    attached phy identifier = 0
    Invalid DWORD count = 0
    Running disparity error count = 0
    Loss of DWORD synchronization = 0
    Phy reset problem = 0

  • -a, –all

    -a 對於 ATA 硬碟參數等同 , ‘-H -i -c -A -l error -l selftest -l selective’
    -a 對於 SCSI 硬碟參數等同 , ‘-H -i -A -l error -l selftest’

  • -A, –attributes

    顯示硬碟製造商所提供的特定 SMART 屬性 (Attributes),屬性的編號從 1 到 253,關於這些屬性的名稱和 ID 請參考 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T.#ATA_S.M.A.R.T._attributes

    • smartctl (S.M.A.R.T. attributes) -a , -A 檢視 S.M.A.R.T. 的屬性 (attributes) ,請參考 https://benjr.tw/98889

  • -x, –xall

    -x 對於 ATA 硬碟參數等同 , ‘-H -i -g all -c -A -f brief -l xerror,error -l xselftest,selftest -l selective -l directory -l scttemp -l scterc -l sataphy’.
    -x 對於 SCSI 硬碟參數等同 , ‘-H -i -A -l error -l selftest -l background -l sasphy’.

其他關於 smartctl 的應用.

  • smartd – 我們可以透過 smartd Daemon 讓他自動監視硬碟的狀態.設定請參考 https://benjr.tw/96013
  • smartctl (RAID controllers) – 針對 smartctl RAID 卡的支援 https://benjr.tw/96471
  • GSmartControl – 不習慣使用指令方式的還有圖形介面可以使用,須額外安裝 GSmartControl
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