安裝 Perl – Practical Extraction and Report Language , 測試環境為 CentOS 7 x64 (虛擬機)
前置作業 – 所需套件
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall development [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install perl*
Perl
[root@localhost ~]# perl -v This is perl 5, version 16, subversion 3 (v5.16.3) built for x86_64-linux-thread-multi (with 33 registered patches, see perl -V for more detail) Copyright 1987-2012, Larry Wall Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit. Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.
在 CentOS 7 使用版本為 perl 5, version 16, subversion 3 (v5.16.3) ,需要更新可以透過手動方式.
[root@localhost ~]# curl -L http://xrl.us/installperlnix | bash
...
## Installing patchperl
## Done.
Checking/updating /root/.bashrc to source perlbrew bashrc
Updating your current environment
Installing Perl 5.20.1 through perlbrew
Fetching perl 5.20.1 as /root/perl5/perlbrew/dists/perl-5.20.1.tar.bz2
Download http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/S/SH/SHAY/perl-5.20.1.tar.bz2 to /root/perl5/perlbrew/dists/perl-5.20.1.tar.bz2
Installing /root/perl5/perlbrew/build/perl-5.20.1/perl-5.20.1 into ~/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.20.1
This could take a while. You can run the following command on another shell to track the status:
tail -f ~/perl5/perlbrew/build.perl-5.20.1.log
perl-5.20.1 is successfully installed.
Setting Perl 5.20.1 to default
Installing cpanm,
cpanm is installed to
/root/perl5/perlbrew/bin/cpanm
------------------
Install complete - close this terminal window and open a new one,
then to confirm Perl 5.20.1 is installed type: perl -v
安裝後需要自行設定 softlink 或是 alias (需寫到使用者的 .bashrc).
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /root/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.20.1/bin/perl /usr/bin/perl5 [root@localhost ~]# perl5 -v This is perl 5, version 20, subversion 1 (v5.20.1) built for x86_64-linux (with 1 registered patch, see perl -V for more detail) Copyright 1987-2014, Larry Wall Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit. Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.
[root@localhost ~]# alias perl520=/root/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.20.1/bin/perl
試一下 perl 是否正常運作.
[root@localhost ~]# perl5 -e 'print "hello world\n";' hello world
[root@localhost ~]# perl520 -e 'print "hello world\n";' hello world
Perl 指令參數:
[-e|-E] ’command’ , -e 後面就是接著使用 perl 語法.
自行下載 perl source code 後編輯也可以.
[root@localhost ~]# cd /tmp/ [root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.20.1.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf perl-5.20.1.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# cd perl-5.20.1.tar.gz/ [root@localhost ~]# ./Configure [root@localhost ~]# make [root@localhost ~]# make test [root@localhost ~]# make install
Perl Modules 模組安裝,更新可以透過下面方式.
-
Source Code
從 http://search.cpan.org/ 下載模組的原始碼後執行以下的指令來編譯.
[root@localhost ~]# perl Makefile.PL [root@localhost ~]# make [root@localhost ~]# make test [root@localhost ~]# make install
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CPAN
cpan 應該是最早更新模組的指令 (1997 v5.004),後面還有許多類似的指令.
CPAN – Comprehensive Perl Archive Network 是管理 Perl 模組的程式,下面範例透過 cpan 來安裝 cpanminus (無使用 shell ,直接下命令安裝模組指令).[root@localhost ~]# perl -MCPAN -e shell Terminal does not support AddHistory. cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.9800) Enter 'h' for help. cpan[1]> install App::cpanminus Reading '/root/.local/share/.cpan/Metadata' Database was generated on Wed, 30 May 2018 22:17:02 GMT Running install for module 'App::cpanminus' Running make for M/MI/MIYAGAWA/App-cpanminus-1.7044.tar.gz Fetching with LWP: http://cpan.stu.edu.tw/authors/id/M/MI/MIYAGAWA/App-cpanminus-1.7044.tar.gz Fetching with LWP: http://cpan.stu.edu.tw/authors/id/M/MI/MIYAGAWA/CHECKSUMS Checksum for /root/.local/share/.cpan/sources/authors/id/M/MI/MIYAGAWA/App-cpanminus-1.7044.tar.gz ok Scanning cache /root/.local/share/.cpan/build for sizes ............................................................................DONE CPAN.pm: Building M/MI/MIYAGAWA/App-cpanminus-1.7044.tar.gz Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for App::cpanminus Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json cp lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm blib/lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm cp lib/App/cpanminus.pm blib/lib/App/cpanminus.pm cp bin/cpanm blib/script/cpanm /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/cpanm Manifying blib/man1/cpanm.1 Manifying blib/man3/App::cpanminus::fatscript.3pm Manifying blib/man3/App::cpanminus.3pm MIYAGAWA/App-cpanminus-1.7044.tar.gz /usr/bin/make -- OK Running make test PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-e" "test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t t/happy_cpantesters.t .. 1/1 # App::cpanminus/1.7044 t/happy_cpantesters.t .. ok All tests successful. Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.03 usr 0.00 sys + 0.02 cusr 0.01 csys = 0.06 CPU) Result: PASS MIYAGAWA/App-cpanminus-1.7044.tar.gz /usr/bin/make test -- OK Running make install Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/App/cpanminus.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm Installing /usr/local/share/man/man1/cpanm.1 Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/App::cpanminus::fatscript.3pm Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/App::cpanminus.3pm Installing /usr/local/bin/cpanm Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod MIYAGAWA/App-cpanminus-1.7044.tar.gz /usr/bin/make install -- OK cpan[2]> Terminal does not support GetHistory. Lockfile removed.
按 ctrl + D 可以跳出.
除了剛剛方式也可以直接用 #cpan 指令.[root@localhost ~]# cpan Terminal does not support AddHistory. cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.9800) Enter 'h' for help. cpan[1]> install App::cpanminus Reading '/root/.local/share/.cpan/Metadata' Database was generated on Wed, 30 May 2018 22:17:02 GMT App::cpanminus is up to date (1.7044). cpan[2]> Terminal does not support GetHistory. Lockfile removed.
[root@localhost ~]# cpan App::cpanminus
-
CPANM
cpanm from App::cpanminus is a script to get, unpack, build and install modules from CPAN. It’s dependency free (can bootstrap itself) and requires zero configuration. I
cpanm – cpanminus , 無使用 shell ,直接下命令安裝模組.[root@localhost ~]# cpanm Usage: cpanm [options] Module [...] Try `cpanm --help` or `man cpanm` for more options.
當 cpan 找不到時可以試試看 cpanm .
[root@localhost ~]# cpan LWP::Protocol::https10 Going to read '/root/.cpan/Metadata' Database was generated on Mon, 04 Jun 2018 15:41:02 GMT Warning: Cannot install LWP::Protocol::https10, don't know what it is. Try the command i /LWP::Protocol::https10/ to find objects with matching identifiers. [root@localhost ~]# cpanm LWP::Protocol::https10 ! Finding LWP::Protocol::https10 on cpanmetadb failed. --> Working on LWP::Protocol::https10 Fetching http://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/G/GA/GAAS/libwww-perl-5.837.tar.gz ... OK Configuring libwww-perl-5.837 ... OK -
CPANP
與 cpanm 或 cpan 相比,他提供更多的選項.
[root@localhost ~]# cpanp CPANPLUS::Shell::Default -- CPAN exploration and module installation (v0.9138) *** Please report bugs to <bug-cpanplus@rt.cpan.org>. *** Using CPANPLUS::Backend v0.9138. *** ReadLine support available (try 'i Term::ReadLine::Perl'). *** Type 'p' now to show start up log Did you know... You can install modules by URL using 'i URL' CPAN Terminal> Exiting CPANPLUS shell
那要如何確認 Perl 模組是否安裝成功,可以透過 perl 指令本身.
[root@localhost ~]# perl -MApp::cpanminus -e "print \"Module installed.\\n\";" Module installed.
找不到相對應的模組時
[root@localhost ~]# perl -MApp::cpanminuds -e "print \"Module installed.\\n\";" Can't locate App/cpanminuds.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.14.0/ /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.14.0/ /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.14.0/x86_64-linux /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.14.0 /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.14.0/x86_64-linux /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.14.0 .). BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.
也可以利用指令 instmodsh 來執行查詢(所有或是個別的模組).
[root@localhost ~]# instmodsh Available commands are: l - List all installed modules m <module> - Select a module q - Quit the program cmd? l Installed modules are: Algorithm::C3 Algorithm::Diff Alien::Build ... cmd? q
指令的方式也可以.
[root@localhost ~]# perl -e 'while (<@INC>) { while (<$_/*.pm>) { print "$_\n"; } }'
[root@localhost ~]# perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlw -e 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ }, no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
可以讀取 PERLLIB 環境變數,來查看模組儲存位置.
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PERLLIB /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.14.0/:/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.14.0/
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