Linux command – rdmsr , wrmsr , cpuid

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msr-tools 提供了三隻工具,都是與 CPU 相關的.

  • rdmsr – read MSR from any CPU or all CPUs
  • wrmsr – write values to MSR on any CPU or all CPUs
  • msr-cpuid – show identification and feature information of any CPU

測試環境為 CentOS 7 x86_64 (虛擬機)

預設的 YUM Repo 並沒有 msr-tools 這套件,需要新增 Repo 檔 (epel-release, Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) 來安裝.

[root@localhost ~]$ yum install -y epel-release
[root@localhost ~]$ yum install -y msr-tools

先來了解一下什麼是 MSR 他是 model specific register 的縮寫,CPU 的工作模式就是透過這一些暫存器來控制,Intel MSR 可以透過搜尋 External Design Specification (EDS) Volume 2 ,裡面會針對不同家族的 CPU MSR 做說明.

要來讀取或是控制這些暫存器,可以透過 rdmsr (讀取) , wrmsr (寫入).

  • rdmsr – read MSR from any CPU or all CPUs

    讀取 CPU 0 的 TIME-STAMP COUNTER(0x10).

    [root@localhost ~]# rdmsr -p0 0x10
    1696e0384e4b
    
  • wrmsr – write values to MSR on any CPU or all CPUs
  • msr-cpuid – show identification and feature information of any CPU
    顯示 CPU 0 的 CPUID

    [root@localhost ~]# msr-cpuid 0
    Leaf     Subleaf    EAX            EBX            ECX            EDX            
    00000000 00000000:  0000000d ....  756e6547 Genu  6c65746e ntel  49656e69 ineI
    00000001 00000000:  000306a9 ....  00010800 ....  ffba2203 ."..  0f8bfbff ....
    00000002 00000000:  76035a01 .Z.v  00f0b2ff ....  00000000 ....  00ca0000 ....
    00000003 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    00000004 00000000:  00000121 !...  01c0003f ?...  0000003f ?...  00000000 ....
    00000004 00000001:  00000122 "...  01c0003f ?...  0000003f ?...  00000000 ....
    00000004 00000002:  00000143 C...  01c0003f ?...  000001ff ....  00000000 ....
    00000004 00000003:  00000163 c...  02c0003f ?...  00000fff ....  00000006 ....
    00000005 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    00000006 00000000:  00000004 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    00000007 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000283 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    00000008 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    00000009 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    0000000a 00000000:  07300401 ..0.  0000007f ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    0000000b 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000001 ....  00000100 ....  00000000 ....
    0000000b 00000001:  00000000 ....  00000001 ....  00000201 ....  00000000 ....
    0000000c 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    0000000d 00000000:  00000007 ....  00000340 @...  00000340 @...  00000000 ....
    40000000 00000000:  40000010 ...@  61774d56 VMwa  4d566572 reVM  65726177 ware
    40000001 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000002 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000003 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000004 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000005 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000006 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000007 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000008 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000009 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    4000000a 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    4000000b 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    4000000c 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    4000000d 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    4000000e 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    4000000f 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    40000010 00000000:  0022fc9d ..".  000101d0 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    80000000 00000000:  80000008 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    80000001 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000001 ....  28100800 ...(
    80000002 00000000:  20202020       49202020    I  6c65746e ntel  20295228 (R) 
    80000003 00000000:  65726f43 Core  294d5428 (TM)  2d356920  i5-  37323433 3427
    80000004 00000000:  50432055 U CP  20402055 U @   30382e31 1.80  007a4847 GHz.
    80000005 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    80000006 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  01006040 @`..  00000000 ....
    80000007 00000000:  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000100 ....
    80000008 00000000:  0000302b +0..  00000000 ....  00000000 ....  00000000 ....
    
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